Tabulator controlled by single-line records



Oct. 2?, 1946. BRQIDO 2,410,265

TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 John Doe (0.

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TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 F/GZ.

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TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May l9, 1942 12 Sheets-sheaf. 5

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TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets- Sheet 4 Inventor A ttorney Oct. 29, 1946. Y D. BROIDO 2,410,265

TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 3A.

Inventor Oct. 29, 1946. I D. BROIDO 2,410,265

TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG. 4.

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D. BROIDO TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed May 19, 1942 mummy Inventor WWW Oct. 29, 1946.

D. BROIDO TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 9 FIG/O.

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TABULATOR CO NTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 Inventor D. BROIDO TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 11 FIG. /2.

' Oct. 29, 1946. fiomo 2,410,265

TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Filed May 19, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet l2 Patented Oct. 29 1946 TABULATOR CONTROLLED BY SINGLE-LINE RECORDS Daniel Broido, Cockfosters, near Barnet, England Application May 19, 1942, Serial No. 443,653 In Great Britain September 24, 1941 6 Claims. 1

This invention relates to record-controlled v statistical machines of .the kind employing record cards conveying information represented by marked index areas arranged in denominational groups (hereinafter referred to as of the kind described) The primary object of the invention is to provide a machine of the kind described, more particularly a tabulating or automatic adding machine, of simple construction.

Another object is to construct a tabulating machine provided with a simple selective control device adapted to ensure that the tabulating mechanism is operated only by records which, firstly, are properly printed, properly fed, and unspoilt, and, secondly, have identification marks conforming to the selective set-up of the control device.

A further object of the invention is to provide a. lightec'ontro'lled statistical machine of simple construction adapted to check up and to tabulate marked records in the course of a single operation.

With the foregoing objects in view a recordcontrolled statistical machine of the kind described made according to the present invention comprises a mechanism for continuously feeding the records through a stationary analysing device adapted to analyse in successive order all denominational groups of index areas, and all index areas with each group, and to transmit the impulses produced by said marks to a control device adapted to control the drive of a plurality of denominational elements of a totalizing mechanism, a plurality of locking members driven in synchronism with the record feeding mechanism, each of said members being adapts to render one of said controlled totalizing elements operable by said control device when the associated denominational group of index areas reaches the analysing position, and to render it inoperable after the group of index areas has passed the analysing position, the amount of movement imparted to each driven totalizing element depending on the time interval between the operation of the corresponding totalizing element by the control device and the time it is rendered inoperative by the respective locking member, and a carry device for the totalizing mechanism.

The machine may comprise a stationary analysing device, means for feeding the records continuously through the analysing device in such a way that the marks thereon are analysed in successive denominational order by said analysing device, a plurality of totalizing elements, one for each denomination of the information to be registered, means for driving the totalizing elements, a control device actuated by the analysing device to control the drive to the totalizing elements in conformity with the respective denominational marks on the record, said control devicecomprising a single electromagnet controlling a plurality of armatures, each controlling respectively one of said denominational totalizing elements, means for rendering said armatures operative by the electromagnet in successive order and for restoring said armatures, said means operating in synchronism with the passage of the record through the analysing device, whereby each armature is free to operate as a denominational group of marks on the record with which it is associated is analysed by the analysing device, and a carry device associated with the totalizing elements.

The machine may be adapted for use with records bearing identification markings and may then comprise a second analysing device co-opcrating with said identification markings and with a locking device to lock said armatures in an inoperative position when the identification markings on a card passing through the machine either are different from a predetermined marking or are not accurately aligned relatively to said analysing device.

The second analysing device may comprise a source of radiant energy, a device sensitive to this radiant energy on to which the radiant energy is directed, means for varying the pattern of the beam of radiant energy impinging on the sensitive device in accordance with the pattern of a predetermined identification marking, and an electrcmagnet actuated by impulses from the sensitive device, and the locking device may comprise a member operable by said electromagnet to lock the armatures in an inoperative position.

The machine may further comprise a sorting flap operable by said electromagnet to segregate those records not having the predetermined identification marking correspondin to the pattern set up on the machine, or in which the identification marking is not accurately aligned relatively to the analysing device, said sorting flap being operatively coupled to said locking device, whereby said records are segregated without operating the totalizing elements.

The drive to the totalizing elements may be effected from a continuously driven member through couplings normally held inoperative by the armatures but operable immediately the restraint effected by the armatures is released to drive the totalizing elements.

The machine may be adapted for registering information in irregular denominations (such as 2 s. d.) in which case the armatures may be controlled by a plurality of cams arranged respectively to permit the armatures to operate in prop erly timed sequence shaped respectively to vary the periods before which the various armatures, once permitted to operate, are restored, whereby the totalizing elements of the various denominations can be driven during each operation of the machine for varying time intervals in conformity with he varying maximum denominational values.

If the machine is adapted for registering values in irregular denominations involving shillings and pence the cam associated with the armature controlling the half-penny denomination may be designed to permit the corresponding totalizing elements to be moved only one step each time the said armature is operated, whereupon the armature is immediately restored by the cam. The armature controlling the half-penny denomination may comprise a double escapement pawl cooperating with a irictionally driven ratchet wheel fixed to a totalizing element of the pence denomination.

The armatures controlling other denominations may each comprise a pawl-like member engaging a frictionally driven ratchet wheel fixed to a totalizing element of the corresponding denomination, the cams associated with said armatures permitting the respective pawls to be disengaged from their ratchet Wheels sufficiently long during each revolution to enable the ratchet wheels to be moved the required number of steps up to a maximum.

Additional totalizing elements may be provided for the higher denominations, the drive to these additional totalizing elements being eiiected from a continuously driven member through frictional couplings controlled by a carry device.

The carry device may comprise spring-loaded double escapement pawls each arranged so as normally to lock the associated totalizing element, and adapted to be operated to permit the said element to be driven for two half-step movements to effect the carry.

A counter may be provided for counting the number of records totalized by the machine. This counter may comprise a plurality of counting elements, and the counting element associated with the units denomination may be controlled by a double escapement pawl fixed to the armature controlling One of said totalizing elements so as to be advanced one step at a time irrespective of the numerical value being entered into the said totalizing element.

Means may be provided for transferrin the contents of the totalizing elements and of the counting elements to a grandtotal mechanism.

A machine according to the invention may further comprise a plurality of printing sectors having type bars, each of said sectors being associated with a totalizing element, or with a counting element, respectively, means for adjusting the said sectors in accordance with the contents of the associated totalizing or counting elements, means for operating the type bars to produce an imprint of the registered information, a platen, a paper strip to be printed, an ink ribbon, and means for shifting the paper strip and the ink ribbon after each printing operation.

The machine may further comprise means for coupling the elements of the totalizing registers and of the counter to the corresponding elements of the grandtotal mechanism and to the corresponding printing sectors, and means for clearing the totalizing registers and the counter, whereby its contents are transferred to the said grandtotal mechanism and to the said printing sectors.

The means for varying the pattern of the beam of radiant energy impinging on the analysing cell may comprise a plurality of slides arranged to intercept the beam and means for adjusting the slides to vary the pattern of that part of the beam passing the slides to bring it into conformity with that of a desired identification marking.

The machine may further comprise a plurality of numeral wheels arranged to give a visual indication of the identification marking, these numeral wheels being set simultaneously With the slides.

The record feeding device may comprise at least two containers to contain the records to be fed through the machine, these containers being carried on a turntable, whereby records can be stacked in one container whilst records in the other container are being fed into the machine.

The invention may also provide a record sheet or the like carrying information represented by marked index areas arranged in denominational groups wherein one or more of said marked index areas in addition to representing information is positioned so as to constitute a control mark to co-operate with our analysing device to prevent the operation of a machine in the event of faulty feeding of the record through the machine. Further, the said index areas and said control mark may be printed in the sheet.

One Way of carrying the invention into effect is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 shows, by way of example, a record intended for use in a machine constructed according to the present invention,

Figures 2 and 2A together are a plan view of a tabulating machine made according to the invention,

Figures 3 and 3A together are a vertical section on line IIIIII of Figure 2, this section being also indicated in Figures 4 and 6,

Figure 4 is a section on line IV-IV of Figure 3,

Figure 5 shows a code arrangement on a record,

Figure 6 is a section on line VIVI of Figure 3,

Figure 7 shows, in development, a cam arrangement for the selective set-up,

Figure 8 is a vertical section on line VIII-VIII of Figure 2,

Figure 9 is a section on line IX-IX of Figure 8,

Figure 10 is a section on line X-X of Figure 8,

Figure 11 is a partial section on the line XI-Xl of Figure 9,

Figures 12 and 12A together are a partial section on line XIIXII of Figure 2,

Figure 13 shows the arrangement of a frictional drive unit,

Figure 14 illustrates, on a larger scale, a type bar used in the machine,

Figure 15 is a timing chart for paper feed and the analysing operation,

Figure 16 is a timing chart operation, and

Figure 17 is a partial section on line XVII XVII of Figures 9 and 10.

for the printing The invention will now be described with reference to a preferred embodiment designed specically for dealing with checks or tickets, such as are handed to customers in restaurants and teashops. Essentially th same arrangement could, however, be used for the automatic analysis and tabulating of other marked documents, for instance sale slips, time cards, pay slips, and the like.

It is assumed that the checks or tickets to be used in the machin hereafter described emanate from a chain of tea-shops and restaurants, all shops being controlled from a central office. In such cases it is desired to check up cash relative to each cashier, sales effected by each waitress and shop, total amount of cash, number of customers, and other information. For this purpose, according to the invention, each waitress and sales girl is given a booklet of tickets printed, in addition to the usual matter such as named of the firm, number or address of the shop, and so forth, with the individual number of the waitress, both in readable characters and in coded marks. In the example shown in Figure 1, the number of the waitress is 23, this figure is marked in area A in a code to be explained hereafter. A number of index areas B indicated 'd, lid-1d, and 3/-1/ are provided for pence and shillings, respectively, of the amount sold; further index areas B designated l-2 are provided for the number of customers served. The waitress writes on the ticket I in area C the consumed items and the total in the usual way; in addition, for the purpose of the present invention, she has to make pencil or like opaque marks in corresponding index areas B; for instance, the total amount being 1/6; she makes marks in index areas 1- and 6d. If two persons have been served, the waitress would mark the index area 2. If only one customer has been served, as in the assumed example, no pencil mark is required, the index area corresponding to 1 being pre-printed black on all tickets. In this way, the transparency of the relevant index areas B is made different from that of the unmarked areas.

When paying, the customer hands his ticket to the cashier who, on checking up the total, puts the ticket into a pigeon-hole reserved for the waitress. After a days work, the tickets are bundled in the order of waitresses and sent to the central oflice to be checked up by means of a machine according to the present invention.

Generally speaking, the machine comprises two main parts, namely a paper feed and an analysing mechanism mounted between side frames 2, 3 (Figures 2 and 3), and a tabulating and printing mechanism disposed between side frames 3, l (Figures 2 and 8). The side frames 2, 3, 4 are interconnected by a number of tie-rods 5, and the whole is supported by a supporting structure 6.

Paper feed As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the machine comprises two paper containers formed by side plates I, 1 and I, I, and end plates 8 and 8', respectively, mounted on a common platform 9 rotatably mounted on a shaft l and supported by a collar secured to the shaft, which is vertically slidable in bearings |2 formed (in a plate l3 secured to two tie-rods 5; a weight In on a rope l5 slung over a pulley I6 and fixed as at I! to the shaft Ill forces the platform 9 upwards, thus pressing the uppermost ticket I onto rollers l8 rotatable on fingers 29 carried on brackets iii secured to side frames 2, 3 respectively. As the tickets l are fed into th machine, the platform 9 lly rises, being guided by rollers 2|, 22 rotatame on fingers 23 secured to the platform. Side plates 7, I are provided with rubber lining and are set to hold the tickets with a certain amount of pressure, so as to prevent doublefeeding.

The tickets l are piled up in one of the containers, for instance l, 8, in the same order as they arrive from the shops, the lots pertaining to individual waitresses being separated by distinctive cards made of strong board or thin metal plate. The other container 1, 8' can be filled while the machine is working. As soon as the first paper container 1, 8 is empty, the operator lowers the platform 9 until the rollers 2|, 22 aligned with a cut-out 25 formed in frames 2, 2, and turns it around the shaft l0, thus bringing the second container 1', 8 into the working position previously occupied by the first container 1, 8.

The paper feed is operated by a cam shaft 26 (Figures 3, l) journalled in bearings 21, 28 in frames 2, 3, respectively. A cam 29 secured to shaft 25 co-acts with a, roller or ball-race 30 carried on a lever 3| pivoted as at 32 in frame 2, a spring 33 maintaining the roller 30 in contact with cam 29. A connecting rod 34 is linked as at 35 to lever 3 I, and at the opposite end to a trunnion 36 carrying a roller 3'! arranged to move in a rail 38 secured to frame 2. Linked to the other end of trunnion 36 is a rod 39 carrying a spindle All to which is fixed an axle 4| formed with shaped recesses for rollers 42. A rim 43 carrying a picker roller 44 of rubber or similar material is journalled on the axle 4|. As the cam 23 rotates, lever 3|, rods 34, 39, and picker M are reciprocated; when the picker 44 is moved to the left as viewed in Figure 3, it free-wheels on axle ll. When shifted to the right, the rim 43 is locked by the rollers 42, and the picker 44 cannot rotate; thus, it drags along the uppermost ticket I, picks it up, and shifts it into a pair of feed rollers 45, 46 on shafts 41, 58, respectively, journalled in frames 2,

Shaft 41 of the lower roller 45 carries a sprocket designated 153 in Figure 8, which is driven through a chain 55 by a sprocket 5| fast on cam shaft 26. Shaft 4'! also carries a gear 52 meshing with a gear fast on shaft 43 of the upper roller 46. Shaft 41 further carries another sprocket 54 (Figure 3) driving, through chain 55, sprockets 56, 51 secured to shafts 56, 5Q journalled in frames 2, 3 and carrying rollers 6|, respectively, which form the lower components of two further pairs of feed rollers. Shaft 43 of the first upper roller 4'5 carries a sprocket 6?. driving through a chain 53, a sprocket 64 fast on shaft 55 carrying the second upper roller 65. This shaft 65 is journalled in bearings $1, $1 (Figure 2) in plates 63, E8 pivoted on shaft 58 and interconnected by tie-rods 69, 753, (Figure 3) to form a rigid frame. The lower tie-rod 7| carries a roller 12 maintained by a spring E3 in contact with a cam M rigid on cam shaft 26. As the cam M revolves, the upper feed roller 66 is momentarily lifted up clear of the lower roller 68, so that the ticket is free to be adjusted as will be presently described.

Shaft 59 of the lower feed roller 6| of the third pair carries a gear 15 meshing with a gear E6 on a shaft 11 journalled in frames 2, 3 and carrying the upper feed roller 18- of the third pair. Shaft 59 further carries a pulley I9, clearly shown in Figure 4 driving through a belt 80 (Figure 2) another pulley 8| fast on a shaft 82 journalled in frames 2, 3 and carrying a single feed roller 83 (Figure 3).

While being fed between the pairs of feed rollers, the tickets pass through a channel formed by guides 84, 85 secured to frames 2, 3. After passing the last pair of rollers I8, GI, the tickets are conducted, as will be described hereafter, by a flap 85 either into a channel formed by guides 81, 88 and hence into a bin 89 reserved for correct tickets, or underneath the guide 88 into a bin 90 reserved for wrong tickets. Bins 89, 9e are supported by tie-rods 5, and can be readily removed in order to be emptied.

After a ticket I has passed the first pair of feed rollers 45, 45, it is adjusted to ensure correct alignment with control and analysing devices to be described hereafter. Front adjustment is effected by stop fingers 9| fixed to a plate 92 pivoted on a cross-bar 93 secured to frames 2, 3. A roller 94 journalled in plate 02 is biased by a spring 95 onto a cam 96 fast on cam shaft 26. Fingers 9i are interposed by cam 55 in the path of the ticket just before the upper feed roller 65 is lifted up as described, so that the ticket runs up against the stop fingers, and, being in the meantime released by the roller 68, adjusts itself accordingly, whereupon the roller (55 is again lowered and maintains the ticket in its correct position.

Side adjustment is effected, simultaneously with the front adjustment, by a jogger S! (Figures 2 and 3) slidable on a cross-bar 98 supported in the frames 2, 3. A downward extension of jogger 91 carries a roller 03 biased against a face cam I (Figure 4) by a pressure spring IOI (Figure 2) anchored on cross-bar 93. shifted by the lobe of cam I00 along the crossbar 98, the jogger 91 shifts the ticket onto a stationary jogger I02 fixed to cross-bar 96, thus adjusting it sideways. The co-ordination of the various elements of the paper feed is diagrammatically illustrated in the timing chart shown in Figure 15.

The paper feed can be operated manually by means of a handle I 03 (Figures 4, 8) rotatably secured to a downward extension of a sleeve I04 slidable on a shaft I05 and normally maintained in an inoperative position (shown in Figure 4) by two balls I56 inserted into a bore in the shaft I55 and pressed into locating holes in sleeve I04 by a spring IITI. When the sleeve is pressed inwards, a recess I08 engages a pin Hi9 fixed to shaft I05, which can then be rotated by turning the handle I 03. Fast on shaft I05 is a gear IIO meshing with a gear I I I secured to cam shaft 26.

Normally, the machine is driven by a motor II2 (Figure 3) mounted in the supporting structure 6; the motor pulley H3 drives, through a belt II4, a pulley II5 fast on a clutch shaft II6 journall-ed in bearings H1, H8 (Figure 4) in frames 2, 3. Slidably mounted on a key H9 in shaft H5 is a clutch I operable by a clutch fork I2I pivoted as at I22 in a bracket I23 secured to the frame 2; a spring I24 tends to swing the clutch fork I2I into an inoperative position. An extension of the clutch fork I2I carries a bolt I25 which protrudes through a slot in the frame 3 and links the fork I2I to a bail I26 (best shown in Figure 8) pivoted as at I21 in frame 3 and carrying an abutment I28 co-acting with a feed lever I29 mounted adjacent hereto on pivot I21. Feed lever I29 is normally biased by a spring When I onto a stop I3I; when lifted up to a stop I32,

it abuts against the abutment I28 and swings the bail I26 clockwise as viewed in Figure 8, thus swinging the clutch fork I2I anti-clockwise in 5 the horizontal plane into position shown in Figure 4, and causing the clutch I20 to engage a co-acting clutch member formed on a gear I33 rotatably mounted on clutch shaft II6. Gear I33 is in mesh with a gear I34 fast on handle shaft I55. When being driven by the clutch I20, the gear I33 thus drives the cam shaft 26 through gears III III.

If for any reason the flow of tickets is interrupted, the machine is automatically stopped by the following cut-out device. A forward extension of clutch fork I2I carries a roller I35 (Figure 4) coacting with a face cam I35 fast on cam shaft 25. This extension further carries a finger I31 co-acting with a slide I38 mounted for vertical movement on shaft 20 and cross-bar 98. A downward extension of slide I38 carries a roller I35 (Figure 3) co-acting with a cam I40 integral with cam I30. When a recess in cam I40 is aligned with roller I39, a spring I4I anchored on cross-bar 98 forces the slide I38 upwards, and its upper end is caused to press gently against the ticket I which at this moment is in the adjusting position. The spring pressure is of course insufficient to damage the ticket, which is suificiently strong to prevent a further movement of slide 538. In this position, an extension I42 (Fi ure i) on slide I38 locks the finger I31, being supported by an abutment I43 on bracket I23; thus, the clutch I20 remains in engagement with gear I 33, which, consequently, continues to drive the (paper feed. However, if there is no ticket in the adjusting position when the roller I39 is allowed to rise by its cam I40, the slide I38 will be lifted by its spring I4I through a slot I44 (Figure 2) provided in guides 84, 85, the extension Hi2 will de-latch the finger I31, and the clutch I20 will be disengaged by its spring I24, thus interrupting the paper feed.

This cut-out can be initiated either manually 45 whenever it is desired to stop the paper feed by preventing the picker 44 from feeding the uppermost ticket, or automatically by means of abovementioned cards separating the individual lots of tickets. These cards have sideways extensions I45 (Figure 2) abutting against side plates I of the paper container; thus, whenever a card is reached, it will not be fed into the machine,

and the paper feed will be stopped as heretofore described, so that the operator has an opportunity to take the necessary readings as will be explained hereafter.

SeZectz've control device After passing the second pair of feed rollers 0 50, 50, the tickets I reach a control device comprising a lamp I46 (Figure 3) mounted on a plate It? secured to frames 2, 3, a casing I48 with lenses I49 adapted to concentrate the beam of light onto a frame I50 having an aperture ISI, and a light-sensitive cell I52 mounted in casing I53 on a plate I54 secured to frames 2, 3. Lamp I46 and cell I52 are connected by wires I55, I56, respectively, to an amplifier device I51 mounted in the supporting structure 6. The 7 amplifier device I5"! may be of any suitable type; it comprises a supply of current, amplifier and rectifier tubes, transformers, and other necessary electrical components.

The selective control device comprises a control device adapted to segregate badly fed and spoilt tickets, and a selective device adapted to select for operation only tickets bearing certain distinctive markings.

The selective control device according to the present embodiment is adapted to co-operate with distinctive marks I58 arranged on the tickets I in areas A, Figure 1. As already mentioned, these marks represent, in the present example, the number of waitress; they are arranged in a manner shown in Figure 5. The whole of the area A is divided into two sub-areas, one for the tens and the other for the units of the waitress number; each sub-area is subdivided into five imaginary rectangles I52 identified by digits I-5. Each digit of the waitress number is represented according to the following code:

Digit Rectangle Thus, in the present case, the value 2 of the tens denomination, i. e. 20 is represented by rectangles I and 4 in the tens sub-area, and

"3 is represented by rectangles I and 5 in the units sub-area, as indicated by crosses in Figure 5. When the tickets are printed, the relevant rectangles are left blank, the remainder of the area A being overprinted, as shown in Figure 1.

Although the tickets may have been, and usually are, manually pre-sorted into lots pertaining to individual waitresses, they have to be checked up, and the selective arrangement about to be described is designed to serve this purpose.

Before starting the machine, the operator sets up the number allocated to a particular waitress, i. e. that waitress by Whom the uppermost lot of tickets should have been issued, by turning two knobs I58, I60 (Figures 2 and 6) until the required numerals appear in appertures IISI (for units) and 62 (for tens) made in the machine cove I63. Knob I59 is rotatably mounted on a shaft I64 journalled in bearings I65, I58 in frames 2, 3; it has two fingers I61 which fit'into two recesses in a sleeve I58 carrying a rim I59 marked with numerals O-X and also a set of five cams I10 corresponding to live rectangles 5 of the units sub-area on a ticket. Knob I66 is fixed to shaft I66 to which is secured a sleeve I1I carrying a rim I12 and a set of five cams I13 identical with rim. I69 and cams I10, respectively, but reserved for the tens sub-area; it may be pointed out that the tickets are fed through the machine in the direction of the arrow in Figure l. Cams I10, I13 each have a number of lobes I14 (Figure 3), one complete set being shown in development in Figure '7. When a numeral on rim IE9 or I12 is aligned with aperture I6I or I52, respectively, the corresponding lobes I14 are brought into an operative position, and it will be noted that the cam arrangement corresponds to the code table.

Each of the cams I10, I13 co-operates with a rocker I15 (Figures 3 and 2) mounted on a crossbar I15 supported in frames 2, 3. Rockers I15 are biased by springs !11 onto cams I152, I13. The lower extensions of the rockers I15 are each linked as at I18 to a slide I19. The slides I13 are mounted in edge-to-edge contact in frame I and extend, when in inoperative position, across the aperture IEI, thus cutting on a corresponding portion of the beam of light emanating from the control lamp hi8; however, when a rocker I15 is swung against the ten ,n of its spring 511 by a lobe on the respective cam I'll} or I13, the associated slide W9 i shifted to the right as viewed in Figure 3, and its end uncovers the aperture E5! to allow free passage of light in the corresponding position. Slides I19 are posit oned transversely exactly in line with marks I53 on the tickets 5, and it will be seen that if the knobs 55% Hit are set according to a certain number, say 23, the slides 539 which will be thus shifted will allow the light beam to illuminate marks IE8 representing 23 on the ticket, the remaining slides I19 keeping the remaining portion of the area A dark. If the rims I69, I12 are set in the position XX (see Figure '7), all slides I'ZEJ will be set open, and no selective operation will take place.

The amplified impulse of the control cell I52 is arranged to energise a solenoid electromagnet I89 (Figure 8) secured to frame 11 and connected by wires I8! to the amplifier device I51. Oppositely disposed to magnet 58B is another electromagnet :82 permanently energised from the source of power through wires I83. The cores I80, I82 of the magnets I38, I52 are linked as at I84 to a lever I85 rockab-ly mounted on a cross-bar 18% supporting the bin 9%. One end of lever I85 co-acts with an arm I81 fixed to a shaft I88 (see also Figure 4) journalled in bearings I89, IJil in frames 2, 3; secured to this shaft I88 is a sorting flap 8%. Integral with arm I8! is an arm ISI biased by a spring Hi2 onto a cam I93 secured to shaft 53 of the lower roller SI of the third pair of feed rollers. A rearward extension of lever I85 carries a pilot I9 3 co-opcrating with an internal cam I95 fast on clutch shaft IIE. Normally, the flap 86 is maintained by arm IGI and cam I93 in the lower position (shown in full lines in Figure 3), and the pilot I94 is guided in the channel formed in cam I95. In this position of flap 86, the tickets are guided over the top of the flap into the bin 89. However, at the exact moment when the distinctive marks I58 on a ticket reach the control station, via, the aperture I5I, a cut-out in cam I35 and a recess in cam I93 render lever i535 and flap 66, respectively, free for operation; at this moment, the flap 86 is supported solely by the lever latching the arm I81. The amplification of the control cell I52 is such that, if it is exposed to the full amount of light passing through four marks I58 on the ticket, the energisation of the control magnet 583 is exactly equal to that of the permanently excited magnet Hi2; consequently, if the set-up of slides I19 corresponds to the marks I58 on the particular ticket that happens to be in the control position, the lever I85 will receive an equal pull from both magnets I83, I82, and will thus remain stationary, thus continuing to latch the flap B6 in the lower position; the ticket will travel into the bin 39 reserved for correct records. However, if the set-up of the selector slides I19 does not correspond to the marks I58 on the ticket, the control cell 252 will receive only a reduced amount of light, or no light at all; consequently, the energisation of the control magnet I will be reduced, its pull will be weaker than that of the permanently energized electromagnet I82, which will swing the lever I35 clockwise, thus causing it to de-latch the arm I81; thus, the flap 85 will be rocked by the spring I32 into an elevated position (shown in dotted lines in Figure 3); consequently, the ticket will travel underneath the flap 85 into the bin 90 reserved for wrong tickets. Arm ISI and flap 86 are restored by cam I93; pilot I94 and lever I85 are restored by cam I35 which has a suitably shaped mouth 195. The timing of these cams with the cam shaft 26 is shown in the chart of Figure 15.

It is evident that this separation of wrong tickets will take place whenever the control cell I52 is not fully illuminated. This will happen if the marks I58 on a ticket do not correspond to the selective set-up of the control device as explained above, or in the case of double feeding, or if the area A on a ticket has not been properly aligned with the control aperture I! when the cams I93, I95 release their associated parts I9I,

I 94. This incorrect alignment may be due to a failure of the paper feed mechanism, or to bad. printing resulting in inaccurate positioning of marks I 58 on the ticket, or to a damage sustained by the ticket from rough handling and the like. All such badly fed, or badly printed, or damaged tickets will be eliminated, and it is evident that the photocell I52 fulfils a double function, namely that of selecting tickets having predetermined distinctive marks I58, and that of ensuring proper alignment of tickets in an analysing station to be described hereafter.

The control aperture I5I extends transversely somewhat beyond the area A, the small additional quantity of light which would penetrate through this extension being normally intercepted by the black strip on the left of index areas B (Figure 1). If a blank sheet happens to be among the tickets, this small quantity of light will be added to the amount of light passing through the four open slides I19, and consequently the energisation of magnet I80 will exceed that of the permanently energized electro-magnet I82 and will attract the lever I85; thus, the flap I85 will be de-latched and operated as described above, and the blank sheet will be deposited in the bin 99 reserved for wrong tickets.

Analysing and tabulating device After the distinctive marks I 58 have passed through the control station, the first index area B, namely that reserved for d, reaches an analysing station. The analysing device (Figure 3) comprises a lamp I91 mounted in plate I41 in a casing I 98 which may contain lenses similar to lenses I49 of the control device, an aperture I 99 (Figure 2A) in guides 84, 85, and a light-sensitive cell 206) mounted on plate I54 in a casing 21H which, of course, has an aperture similar to aperture I 99. Lamp I91 and cell 220 are connected to the current supply and amplifier device I 51 by wires 262, 203, respectively. It may be pointed out that the amplifier device I51 designates generally the assembly of various electrical components required for the proper operation of the machine: it comprises amplifier tubes controlled by the photocell I52, and other amplifier tubes controlled by the photocell 200. Both amplifying circuits are independent from each other, but they may comprise common elements, such as transformers, switches, and the like. The arrangement of amplifier circuits is well known and does not require a detailed description. The amplified impulse of the analysing cell 202 is arranged to control, through wires 204, an electromagnet 295 (Figure 8) mounted in a bracket 266 secured to the frame plate 4. Magnet 205 co-operates with four armatures 201, 208, 269, 2H) (Figure 9) rockably mounted on a stationary shaft 2 I I supported in frames 3, 4. Each of the armatures 2012 I0 is biased by a pressure spring 2I2 (Figures 8, 11, 1'1) anchored in a bar 2I3 onto one of four cams 2I4 fast on a shaft 2I5 journaled in bearings 2I6, 2I1 (Figure 9) in frames 3, 4, and driven by a sprocket 2I8 connected by a chain 2I9 to a sprocket 220 (Figure 8) fast on shaft 48 of the first upper feed roller 66. Armature 201 is reserved for half-pennies, armature 208 for pence, armature 269 for shillings, and armature 2I0 for the number of customers. Each armature is normally locked by its associated cam 2| 4, and is unlocked for operation by magnet 205 at the exact moment when the first index area B of the group associated therewith reaches the analysing station. Magnet 285 remains energised and attracts the armatures as long as the analysing cell 200 is illuminated, i. e., as long as the index areas B passing through the analysing station are blank; as soon as a marked, Viz., black, index area B intercepts the light emanated by the lamp I91, the magnet 285 is de-energised and releases the armatures; however, only one of the armatures can swing out under the influence of its spring 2I2 at any one time, namely that armature associated with this particular group of index areas, as the remaining armatures are locked by their cams 2I4 although the magnet 265 is re-energised immediately after the passage of the black mark, it is not strong enough to restore the armature which has been released; this armature is restored by its cam 2M after the last index area of the respective group has passed the analysing station. Since each of the four groups comprise a different number of index areas, the cams 2M each have a recess of different length positioned as shown in Figure 8 and the timing chart of Figure 15. This arrangement will be more fully explained hereafter. After the last of the index areas B has passed through the analysing station, the appropriate cam 2M restores the armature 2H), and the device is ready for the next analysing operation.

Each of the armatures Ml-2H} is formed with a finger 22I co-acting with a bail 222 fast on a shaft 223 journalled in frames 3, 4. Fast on shaft 223 is a crank 224 connected by a rod 225 to a crank 225 fast on shaft I8 8 of the flap 86. The armatures are free to operate as long as the fiap 86 remains in the normal i. e., lower position; however, when the flap 86 is operated by the control device as heretofore described, rod causes bail 222 to swing upwards into line with fingers 22I, thus locking the armatures 201-2 IEI. In this manner, it is ensured that the analysing device is operated only by correctly fed and printed tickets bearing the set-up number.

Armatures 2012IEJ co-operate with some of a plurality of ratchet wheels 221 rotatably mounted on a common sleeve 228 secured to a shaft 229 journalled in bearings 230, 23I (Figure 9) in frames 3, 4; a sprocket 232 fast on shaft 229 is driven, through a chain 233, by a sprocket 234 fast on cam shaft 215. Each ratchet 221 carries a gear 235 meshing with a gear 236 rotatable on a shaft 231 (hereafter referred to as subtotal shaft). Each gear 235 carries a frictional drive unit (best shown in Figure 13) comprising two frictional shoes 238, 238' pivoted as at 239 in gear 235 and pressed together by a spring 13 240 adjustable by a screw 241. These frictional drive units tend to rotate the gears 235 with the shaft 229, but they are normally locked by armatures 2111-210 or by carry pawls to be described hereafter.

Considering first the halfpenny transmission, the armature 201 is extended to form a double pawl 242, 242 co-acting with the first (on the right in Figure 9) ratchet wheel 221. This double pawl 242, 242 of armature 281 is similar to the double pawl 248, 248' associated with armature 2m and clearly shown in Figure 11. As shown in Figure 8, the tooth 242 (corresponding to tooth 248 in Figure 11) of the double pawl normally locks the ratchett 221 and prevents it from being driven by its frictional drive unit. When the armature 201 is momentarily released by the associated cam 214 and magnet 26.5, and swings out under the influence of its spring 212, the upper tooth 242 (corresponding to tooth 248 in Figure 11) releases the ratchet 221, which is immediately turned by its frictional drive for approximately half a tooth, whereupon it is engaged by the lower tooth 242' (corresponding to tooth 248' in Figure 11). When the associated cam 214 restores the armature .201, the tooth 2 .2 (corresponding to tooth 248 in Figure 11) again releases the ratchet 221 and permits it to move again approximately half a tooth, whereupon it is re-engaged by the upper tooth 242 (corresponding to tooth 248 in Figure 11). Thus, the ratchet wheel 221 is rotated through a distance equal to one tooth, and in this manner the occurrence of a black mark in the index area d on a ticket is registered by a one-step movement of the respective sub-total gear 236.

The pence armature 258 (Figure 17) and the shillings armature 2119 each carry a trigger 243 pivoted as at 244 and biased by a spring 245 into engagement with the associated ratchet wheel 221. The cams 214 controlling these two armatures are shaped respectively to allow for an eleven-step movement (for 1-11 pence) and a three-step movement (for 1-3 shillings) of the respective ratchet wheel 221. The index areas associated with the highest denominational values, viz., llds and 3/-, respectively, pass through the analysing station first; consequently, if the black mark is in the llds area, the ratchet 221 is free to complete an eleven-step movement, but if the mark is, for example, in the 6ds area, the ratchet will make only a six-step movement, whereupon the cam 214 will restore the armature 208, and the trigger 243 will reengage the ratchet 221. mark is-in the 3/- area, the ratchet wheel 22'] controlled by the armature 209 will be released to complete a three-step movement before it is re-engaged by the trigger 243, but if the mark is in the 1/- area, the ratchet 221 will complete only a one-step movement before it is re-engagcd and stopped, and so forth.

The three gears 236 operable by armatures 2G1289 form part of a subtotal amounts total- 'izlng register comprising six gears 23 (shown in Figure 9 adjacent to the right-hand frame 4), the remaining three gears 235 of this totalizing register being driven by carry devices to be described hereafter.

The fourth armature 218, best shown in Figure 11, is fixed to a sleeve 245 carrying a single pawl 241 co-acting with a ratchet wheel 221 meshed to a gear 236 forming part of a subtotal Number of customers totalizing register, which comprises a group of three gears 236 seen in Figure, 9

Similarly, if the black 1 next to the left-hand frame 3. The cam 214 cooperating with the armature 210 is shaped to allow for a four-step movement of the ratchet 221 associated with the single pawl 241; the operation of this ratchet wheel 221 is otherwise identical with those controlled by armatures 208, 209.

Secured to sleeve 245 is a double pawl 248, 248' which is similar to the halfpenny double pawl 242, 242. Whenever the armature 210 is released by magnet 255, the upper tooth 24'8 releases the associated ratchet 221 which is then frictionally driven for half a tooth; when the armature 210 is restored by its cam 214, the lower tooth 248 again releases the ratchet 221 which is driven for another half a tooth. Thus, the total movement of this ratchet wheel is always one step, irrespective of whether the Number of customers ratchet controlled by the single pawl 241 is driven one or more steps. The ratchet wheel 221 controlled by the double pawl 248, 248 is meshed to a gear 236 forming part of a Number of tickets subtotal counter, seen in Figure 9 in the middle of subtotal shaft 231. Thus, the armature 210 serves a double purpose, namely it totalizes the number of customers, and also counts the number of tickets.

It is evident that the cams 214 must rotate in exact synchronism with the paper feed; their timing is shown in Figure 15.

It may be pointed out that all ratchet wheels 22? have ten teeth, and that the ratio of gears 235, 236 is 1:1 throughout, except for the pence transmission controlled by the armature 208, wherein this gear ratio is 10:12; consequently, each step of a ratchet 221 results in a turn of the associated subtotal gear 236, except in the case of pence transmission, where this resulting movement is corresponding to 0-11 pence.

Subtotal carry device All ratchet wheels 221, except those controlled by the armatures 281-211), serve for carrying purposes. As indicated in Figures 11 and 9, each of these carry ratchets 221 is controlled by a double pawl 249, 249 pivoted on a bar 251] and biased by a spring 251 anchored in a bar 252 secured in frames 3, 4. Extensions 253 on double pawls 249 249 co-act with one-tooth pinions 254 fast on gears 235 of the next lower denomination. Just before a gear 255 coniplems a revolution, the associated one-tooth pinion 254 engages the extension 253 of the next higher double pawl 249, 249, and rocks the tooth 249 out of engagement with the associated ratchet 221, which is then shifted half a tooth by its frictional drive, whereupon it is arrested by the other tooth 249 of the double pawl. After the one-tooth pinion 254 has passed the extension 253, the spring 251 restores the double pawl; the tooth 249 again releases the ratchet 221 which is driven for another half a tooth, whereupon it is re-engaged by the first tooth 249 of the double pawl, thus completing the one-step carry movement. The tens of shillings carry device differs from this arrangement in that the one-tooth pinon 254 is replaced by a five-tooth pinion 255 (Figures 17, 8 and 9), so that the carry to the units of pounds gear 236 is effected after every two steps of the tens of shillings gear 235.

The halfpenny subtotal gear 236 has two fivetooth pinions, namely, 255 co-acting with a single carry pawl 25 6 (Figure 1?), which is mounted on bar 251'! similarly to double pawls 249 and co-operates with the pence ratchet 221, and another :five-tooth pinion 255 (Figure 9) oo-acting with the trigger 243 of the pence armature 293. When carrying, the pinion 255 first rocks the single pawl 256 into the path of the next tooth on the pence ratchet 221, whereupon the pinion 255 lifts the trigger and thus releases the ratchet 221, which is shifted by its frictional drive half a tooth and is then arrested by the pawl 256. Pinion 259' then releases the trigger 243 which is restored by its spring whereupon pinion 255 releases the pawl 259; on completion of a further half a step, the ratchet 221 is re-engaged by the trigger 243, thus completing the carry operation.

' The carry device for the pence subtotal gear 236 (second from the right in Figure 9) is similar to that of the halfpenny transmission, the only difference being that instead of the fivetooth pinions 255, 255, this gear has two onetooth pinions 254, 254', which co-o-perate with pawl 255 and trigger 243 of the shillings ratchet wheel 221 in the same manner as just described with reference to pinions 255, 255' and pence wheel 221.

In this manner, the amount and the number of customers are added up and accumulated for each waitress in the respective totalizing registers, whilst the number of tickets issued by each waitress is counted in the tickets counter. When a lot of tickets issued by a waitress has been run through, the paper feed is stopped by the card 145 separating it from the next lot, as heretofore described, and the operator actuates a clearing mechanism now to be described.

Subtotal clearing device The subtotal totalizing registers and counter are cleared, and the accumulated amounts and numbers are transferred to grandtotal totalizing registers and counter and. to a printing mechanism automatically by operating a clutch (Figures 3,4,8).

A disc 251 (Figure 4) carrying a driver pin 258 is rigidly mounted on the clutch shaft lit. A one-revolution clutch 299 rotatable on shaft H6 has a plunger 269 biased by a spring 26!. Fast on plunger 269 is a trunnion 292 carrying a roller 293 co-operating with a sloped lever 264 fast on a shaft 265 journalled in frame 3 and bracket 266 fixed hereto. Lever 264 abuts against an extension 269' of bracket 266 and normally holds th plunger 269 out of the path of driver Fixed to shaft 295 is a crank 261 linked as at 268 (Figure 8) to a print lever 269 pivoted as at 219 in frame 3 and biased by a spring 21i on to a stop 212. By momentarily depressing the print lever 269 on to a stop 213, the lever 294 is rocked away from the clutch 259, so as to release the roller 253; spring 26I then shifts the plunger 269 into the path of the constantly rotating driver 258, which picks it up and turns the clutch 259. Before a revolution of clutch. 259 is completed, lever 2%4 is restored by spring 1!; on reaching lever 264, roller 263 runs along its sloped face, thus withdrawing plunger 269 and disengaging it from driver 258. On completion of one revolution of clutch 259, roller 293 is arrested by a suitable abutment on lever 264. A stop 214 on print lever 259 co-acting with a stop 2'55 on bail I26 of the paper feed drive prevents an operation of the clutch 259 while the paper feed is working.

Fast on clutch 259 is a sprocket 216 driving, through a chain 211, a sprocket 213 (Figures 8 and 10) fast on a shaft 219 journalled in frames 3, 4. This shaft 219 carries at either end a cam 289 (best shown in Figure 12) co-acting with a roller 28! on a bail 2S2 pivoted as at 283 in frames 3, 4, respectively. Bails 262 support, re spectively, bearings 284, 235 (Figure 9), in which is journalled the subtotal shaft 231. A rotation of shaft 219 causes cams 289 to raise the subtotal shaft 231 into a position (indicated by dotted lines in Figures 8 and 12) wherein gears 286 fast on subtotal gears 296 are demeshed from driving gears 235 and are meshed with idler gears 261, 286 rotatable on a stationary shaft 269 mounted in frames 3, 4. The purpose of this arrangement is to connect the sub-total gears 236 with a grand total and printing mechanism, as Will be described hereafter. Gears 286 forming part of the subtotal Amounts totalizing register and the subtotal Tickets counter mesh each with an idler 261 (meshed to a printing mechanism) and another idler 288 (meshed to a grand-total numeral wheel), whereas gears 286 of the subtotal Customers totalizing register mesh each with a single gear 288. Each of the idler gears 281, 289 is located by a detent 299 pivoted on a rod 291 and biased by a spring 292 anchored in a bar 293 (Figure 8) secured to frames 3, 4.

Fast on the subtotal shaft 231 is a gear 294 (Figures 9, 10 and 12) adapted to be driven for a full turn by a gear segment 295 secured to shaft 219. This operation, as indicated in the timing chart of Figure 16, takes place during a part of the revolution of shaft 219 after the cam 299 has raised the sub-total shaft 231 to mesh the gears 286 with gears 281, 288 as heretofore described. A conventional zeroising comb 296 (Figure 9) is shiftable in a keyway in the subtotal shaft 231 by a sprin 291 into a sloped recess in the stationary bearing 264; this comb 296 has lugs 298 co-acting with zero studs 299 on subtotal gears 236. Rotation of gear 294 and shaft 231 first causes the comb 296 to ride up the sloped side of recess in bearing 284 and thus to shift axially so as to align lugs 298 with studs 299, whereupon lugs 298 pick up studs 299 and restore the subtotal gears 236 to their zero posi tions, thus clearing the subtotals and at the same time transmitting them to the idlers 281, 298; on completion of the clearing operation, spring 291 restores comb 296 to its normal axial position.

Grandtotal mechanisms As shown in Figures 10 and 8, the grandtotal mechanisms comprise numeral wheels 399 to which are fixed gears 39! meshing with idlers 288; they are rotatable on a shaft 392 journalled in bearings 393, 394 in frames 3, 4. A customary zeroising comb 395 with lugs 396 co-acting with zero studs 391 on numeral wheels 399 is pressed by a spring 398 into a recess in bearing 394. There are three grandtotal mechanisms, namely amounts totalizing register, tickets counter, and customers totalizing register (see also Figure 2); they can be cleared by turning the grandtotal shaft 392 by means of a special key to be inserted into the right-hand end of the shaft, a suitable aperture being provided for this purpose in the machine cover I63. The numeral wheels 399 are visible through apertures 399 in cover I63. 1

Grandtotal carry device The carry is effected in a conventional manner by one-tooth pinions 319 fast on nu- 

